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1.
Ciênc. saúde coletiva ; 21(8): 2475-2484, ago. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-792982

ABSTRACT

Resumo Atualmente, no Brasil, 1,78% da população é doadora de sangue, um índice abaixo do ideal que, segundo a OMS, deve figurar entre 3% a 5% da população. Mediante este cenário, o presente estudo tem como objetivo geral identificar e analisar os principais fatores críticos do processo de doação de sangue, a partir de uma investigação na cidade de Belo Horizonte, MG, sob a percepção de doadores, potenciais doadores e não doadores de sangue. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, por meio de vinte e quatro entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados encontrados evidenciam a ausência de informações nas diversas etapas do sistema de doação de sangue. Nas etapas de captação e conscientização de doadores, as ações de comunicação transmitem à sociedade informações incompletas sobre o processo de doação, desestimulando ações futuras de doação. Por outro lado, a não valorização da experiência de doação e a construção de valor social associadas ao doador impedem a multiplicação de comportamentos sociais para a doação. Os resultados encontrados, no contexto teórico delineado neste estudo, evidenciam as causas, ou fatores críticos de impedimento à mudança de comportamento, incremental ou radical, propostas pelo marketing social.


Abstract Currently, in Brazil, 1.78% of the population area blood donors, a level lower than the ideal one that, according to WHO, should be between 3% and 5% of the population. Following this scenario, the current study has a general goal of identifying and analyzing the main critical factors of the process of blood donation in the city of Belo Horizonte, MG, under the perception of donors, potential donors and non donors. A qualitative research approach was conducted, through twenty-four semi-structured interviews. The results highlight the lack of information in the various stages of the blood donation system. During the stages of donor recruitment and awareness, communication actions convey to society incomplete information about the donation process, discouraging future actions of donation. On the other hand, a lack of appreciation of the donation experience and the construction of social values associated with the donor prevent the multiplication of social behaviors for donation. The results of this study, found from theoretical framework outlined in this study, highlight the causes or critical factors that impede changes in behavior, incremental or radical, proposed by social marketing.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Blood Donors , Blood Donors/psychology , Blood Donors/statistics & numerical data , Brazil
2.
J. health inform ; 8(supl.I): 653-660, 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-906570

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the sentiments and opinions from Twitter users about blood donation in Brazil. We collected19 thousand tweets related to blood donation between January 1st and December 31st, 2015. From those, 1364tweets were randomly select to compose the training and the evaluation test set. METHODS: Four classifiers were applied: Multinomial Naïve Bayes, Bernoulli Naïve Bayes, Gaussian Naïve Bayes e Maximum Entropy. RESULTS: The tweets have been classified as positive, negative and neutral. The classifiers Multinomial Naïve Bayes e Maximum Entropy achieved better results. CONCLUSION: We have observed that the Multinomial Naïve Bayes classifier achieved the best performance in the overall set of messages.


OBJETIVO: Analisar os sentimentos e opiniões dos usuários do Twitter a respeito da doação de sangue no Brasil. Foram coletados mais de 19 mil tweets relacionados à doação de sangue, publicados entre 1º de janeiro de 2015 e 31de dezembro de 2015. Deste total de tweets, uma amostra de 1364 tweets foi selecionada para compor dois conjuntos de dados: um para treinar e outro para avaliar. MÉTODOS: Os 4 algoritmos de classificação adotados neste trabalho, sãoeles: Multinomial Naïve Bayes, Bernoulli Naïve Bayes, Gaussian Naïve Bayes e Maximum Entropy. RESULTADO: A classificaçãodos tweets em três possíveis classes (positiva, negativa e neutra) foi realizada. Os classificadores Multinomial Naïve Bayes e Maximum Entropy obtiveram os melhores resultados. CONCLUSÃO: Pudemos observar que o algoritmo Multinomial Naïve Bayes obteve o melhor desempenho na classificação do conjunto total de mensagens.


Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Donors/psychology , Algorithms , Emotions , Data Mining , Social Networking , Brazil , Congresses as Topic
3.
São Paulo med. j ; 133(1): 36-42, Jan-Fev/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-733013

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Knowledge of the reasons for donor deferral can help in planning more efficient recruitment strategies and evaluating donor selection criteria. This study aimed to investigate the rates and reasons for donor deferral. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study at Shiraz Blood Transfusion Center, Shiraz, Iran. METHODS: 141,820 volunteers were interviewed confidentially by physicians before blood donation. The rate of and reasons for donor deferral were investigated according to demographic characteristics. The data were analyzed using the comparison-of-proportions test of the MedCalc statistical software. RESULTS: 43,839 people (30.9%) who had come for blood donation were deferred, 1,973 (4.5%) of them permanently. The deferral rate was significantly higher among women, single individuals and first-time donors, compared with men, married individuals and those with a history of previous donation (P < 0.0001). The deferral rate was significantly higher in the 17 to 30-year-old group (P < 0.05). The reasons for deferral were divided into five categories: risk factors possibly related to HIV or hepatitis (43.6%), underlying diseases (31.9%), non-eligible conditions (13.5%), medications that interfere with blood donation (7.8%) and risk factors that may relate to bacterial or viral infections except HIV and hepatitis infections (3.2%). CONCLUSION: Effective measures are required for documenting the impact of deferral on blood availability, monitoring the effectiveness of and need for deferral, and determining the reasons and rates of deferral. .


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Conhecimentos sobre os motivos do adiamento da doação de sangue podem ajudar a planejar estratégias mais eficientes de recrutamento e avaliar critérios de seleção de doadores. O objetivo foi investigar as taxas e os motivos para o adiamento da doação. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo retrospectivo no centro de transfusão de sangue de Shiraz, Irã. MÉTODOS: 141.820 voluntários foram entrevistados confidencialmente por médicos antes da doação de sangue. A taxa e as razões para o adiamento da doação foram pesquisadas de acordo com características demográficas. Os dados foram analisados com o teste de comparação de proporções do software estatístico MedCalc. RESULTADOS: 43.839 pessoas (30.9%) encaminhadas para doação tiveram sua doação diferida, sendo 1.973 permanentemente. A taxa de adiamento foi significativamente maior entre as mulheres, solteiras e doadoras de primeira vez, em comparação com os homens, casados e os com história de doação anterior (P < 0,0001). A taxa de adiamento foi significativamente maior no grupo de 17-30 anos de idade (P < 0,05). As razões para o adiamento foram divididas em cinco categorias: fatores de risco que podem estar relacionados com HIV ou hepatite (43,6%), doenças subjacentes (31,9%), condições não elegíveis (13,5%), medicamentos que interferem na doação (7,8%) e fatores de risco que podem estar relacionados com infecções bacterianas ou virais, exceto infecções de HIV e hepatite (3,2%). CONCLUSÃO: São necessárias medidas eficazes para documentar ...


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Blood Banks/statistics & numerical data , Blood Donors/statistics & numerical data , Donor Selection/statistics & numerical data , Age Factors , Attitude to Health , Blood Donors/psychology , Blood Safety/standards , Cross-Sectional Studies , Iran , Marital Status , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sex Factors
4.
Cad. saúde pública ; 30(7): 1463-1474, 07/2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-720555

ABSTRACT

Este artigo objetiva compreender os fatores motivacionais que influenciam os indivíduos a doarem sangue, com a finalidade de subsidiar as ações de marketing social orientadas à captação de novos doadores. Com base em uma revisão teórica, um modelo de hipóteses foi elaborado, para análise de influências e interações de construtos na formação da predisposição das pessoas a serem doadores de sangue. Foi feito o levantamento de campo por meio de um questionário estruturado, junto a uma amostra de 346 pessoas. Para análise, foram usadas técnicas de análise descritiva, avaliação de consistência psicométrica e modelagem de equações estruturais com estimação por mínimos quadrados parciais. Como resultados, verificou-se principalmente que há uma influência negativa do medo e positiva do grupo de referência na predisposição dos sujeitos em doar sangue. Isso indicou que as ações de marketing social para a doação de sangue são mais eficientes em incentivar novos doadores se mantiverem foco nesses dois fatores.


This article aims to understand the motivational factors that influence individuals to donate blood, in order to support the social marketing measures for recruiting new donors. Based on theoretical research, a structural model was developed to analyze influences and interactions of constructs in individuals’ intentions to donate blood. A field survey used a structured questionnaire with a sample of 346 individuals. The analysis included descriptive analysis, evaluation of psychometric consistency, and structural equation modeling with partial least squares estimation. Fear showed a negative influence and the reference group a positive influence on individual predisposition to donate blood. This indicated that social marketing for blood donation can be more effective in encouraging new donors if it remains focused on these two factors.


Este artículo tiene como fin comprender los factores motivacionales que incentivan a las personas a donar sangre, con el fin de subsidiar las acciones de marketing social orientadas a atraer nuevos donantes. A partir de una revisión teórica, se desarrolló un modelo de hipótesis para el análisis de las influencias e interacciones de constructos en la predisposición de las personas para ser donantes de sangre. Se realizó un estudio de campo, usando un cuestionario estructurado con una muestra de 346 sujetos. Para el análisis, se utilizaron técnicas de análisis descriptivo y de consistencia psicométrica, además de la técnica de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, con una estimación por mínimos cuadrados parciales. Como resultado, se comprobó principalmente que hay una influencia negativa del miedo y una influencia positiva del grupo, en lo que se refiere a la predisposición de las personas para que donen sangre. Esto indicó que las acciones de marketing social para donar sangre pueden ser más eficaces si incentivan a los nuevos donantes, considerando estos dos factores señalados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Donors/psychology , Motivation , Social Marketing , Brazil , Blood Donors/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires
5.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 22(3): 467-475, May-Jun/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-714846

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: analyze and propose a theoretical model that describes blood donor decisions to help staff working in blood banks (nurses and others) in their efforts to capture and retain donors. METHODS: analysis of several studies on the motivations to give blood in Spain over the last six years, as well as past literature on the topic, the authors' experiences in the last 25 years in over 15 Non Governmental Organizations with different levels of responsibilities, their experiences as blood donors and the informal interviews developed during those 25 years. RESULTS: a model is proposed with different internal and external factors that influence blood donation, as well as the different stages of the decision-making process. CONCLUSION: the knowledge of the donation process permits the development of marketing strategies that help to increase donors and donations. .


OBJETIVO: analisar e propor um modelo teórico que descreva o processo de tomada de decisão dos doadores de sangue, com a finalidade de ajudar o pessoal que trabalha nos bancos de sangue (enfermeiras e outros), em seus esforços de captar e fidelizar os doadores. MÉTODO: análise de vários estudos sobre as motivações para doar sangue na Espanha, nos últimos seis anos, e estudo da literatura sobre o assunto, a experiência dos autores nos últimos 25 anos em mais de 15 organizações não governamentais, com diferentes níveis de responsabilidade, suas experiências como doadores de sangue e entrevistas informais desenvolvidas durante esses 25 anos. RESULTADOS: apresenta-se um modelo, incluindo diversos fatores internos e externos que influenciam o processo de doação de sangue, assim como as diferentes fases desse processo. CONCLUSÃO: o conhecimento do comportamento do doador de sangue permite o desenvolvimento de atividades de marketing que contribuem para aumentar o número de doadores e doações. .


OBJETIVO: analizar y proponer un modelo teórico que describa las decisiones de los donantes de sangre para ayudar al personal que trabaja en los bancos de sangre (enfermeras y otros) en sus esfuerzos para captar y fidelizar a los donantes. MÉTODOS: análisis de varios estudios sobre las motivaciones para donar sangre en España durante los últimos seis años, estudio de la bibliografía sobre el tema, experiencia de las autoras durante los últimos 25 años en más de 15 organizaciones no gubernamentales con diferentes niveles de responsabilidad, sus experiencias como donantes de sangre y las entrevistas informales desarrolladas durante esos 25 años. RESULTADOS: Se propone un modelo con diferentes factores internos y externos que influyen en la donación de sangre, así como las diferentes etapas del proceso de toma de decisiones. CONCLUSIÓN: el conocimiento del proceso de donación permite desarrollar estrategias de marketing que ayudan a incrementar tanto los donantes como las donaciones. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Donors/psychology , Marketing , Helping Behavior , Models, Psychological , Spain
6.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-157369

ABSTRACT

The present study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice about blood safety and donation among 1st and 2nd MBBS students of RIMS, Imphal and to determine any association between knowledge level and selected variables like gender, those who had ever donated blood and were willing to donate in future. This cross sectional study was conducted in Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal during September to December 2010. Students were interviewed face to face using a pre-tested, pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire. Students’ level of knowledge was assessed by scoring scale. Data were presented in percentages, mean and standard deviation. Pearson’ chi square test was used for significance testing. The proportion of students having adequate knowledge was 33.1% with the mean score of 12.2±2. 89.8% intended to donate blood in future, but only 13.9% had ever donated blood and out of which, 64.8% of donors were first timers. Knowledge on blood safety and donation was significantly associated with blood donation status. Regular CMEs and seminars should be conducted to increase awareness about blood safety and donation and to increase the number of voluntary blood donation.


Subject(s)
Blood Donors/education , Blood Donors/psychology , Chi-Square Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , India , Male , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young Adult
7.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 16(12): 4823-4832, dez. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-606608

ABSTRACT

Este estudo avaliou a aceitabilidade de doadores em relação às etapas da doação de sangue (recepção, triagens de enfermagem e médica, e coleta) em hemocentro público do Recife, ressaltando o acolhimento. Obteve-se amostra de 527 doadores: em cada 19 pessoas que sequencialmente doaram sangue, a décima nona era convidada a responder um questionário. Na análise aplicou-se o qui-quadrado (Χ2). Ao redor de 81,4 por cento eram homens, 81,0 por cento doadores de repetição, 50,3 por cento insatisfeitos com o tempo gasto na doação e 36,4 por cento com dificuldade de chegar ao serviço. A forte aceitabilidade do acolhimento adveio, sobretudo, da comunicação e da forma de tratamento. Mostraram significância estatística: mulheres e doadores com maior escolaridade pediram mais esclarecimentos e homens tiveram percepção mais positiva das triagens. A sala de coleta foi o setor melhor avaliado. Contudo, foram feitas referências à impessoalidade, à persistência de dúvidas e à rapidez da entrevista médica. A atenção centrada no doador requer que a educação continuada também contemple a formação humanitária dos profissionais.


This study evaluated the acceptance of blood donors concerning the donation stages (attendance, medical and nursing selection and collection) at the Recife public blood bank with emphasis on the attendance. A sample of 527 donors was obtained: each 19th person sequentially was invited to answer a questionnaire. Chi-square (x2) was used in the analysis. Of those interviewed, 81.4 percent were men, 81 percent were repeat donors, 50.3 percent were dissatisfied regarding the time spent in donation and 36.4 percent had difficulties in reaching the service. The firm acceptance given to the attendance was due mainly to the communication and the quality of treatment. Of statistical significance were women donors of higher educational level who asked for more information and men who had a more positive perception towards the selection process. The best evaluation was attributed to the collection sector. However, mention was made of impersonal treatment, persistence of doubts and the cursory nature of the medical interview. Attention focused on the donor requires that ongoing education should concentrate on the humanitarian formation of the professionals involved.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Blood Banks , Blood Donors/psychology , Personal Satisfaction , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies
9.
Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter ; 33(3): 190-194, June 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-596320

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To convert first-time blood donors into regular volunteer donors is a challenge to transfusion services. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to estimate the return rate of first time donors of the Ribeirão Preto Blood Center and of other blood centers in its coverage region. METHODS: The histories of 115,553 volunteer donors between 1996 and 2005 were analyzed. Statistical analysis was based on a parametric long-term survival model that allows an estimation of the proportion of donors who never return for further donations. RESULTS: Only 40 percent of individuals return within one year after the first donation and 53 percent return within two years. It is estimated that 30 percent never return to donate. Higher return rates were observed among Black donors. No significant difference was found in non-return rates regarding gender, blood type, Rh blood group and blood collection unit. CONCLUSIONS: The low percentage of first-time donors who return for further blood donation reinforces the need for marketing actions and strategies aimed at increasing the return rates.


Subject(s)
Humans , Altruism , Attitude to Health , Blood Donors/psychology , Hemotherapy Service , Longitudinal Studies , Motivation
10.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 21(1): 283-298, 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-586060

ABSTRACT

Estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido à luz da etnometodologia, com o tratamento dos dados a partir da análise do discurso das 26 entrevistas não-estruturadas e dos registros da observação participante em diário de campo. Teve como objetivo analisar o itinerário de candidatos a doadores de sangue num serviço de hemoterapia (SH) do Rio de Janeiro. O itinerário dos doadores de sangue se constitui desde a sensibilização até o transcurso para a doação, envolvendo a saúde e os múltiplos contextos da vida dos candidatos, e toma corpo no espaço micropolítico de trabalho. Prevaleceram os doadores de reposição (65,4 por cento), caracterizados por grupos de familiares, de amigos, colegas de trabalho, vizinhos e, em menor número, por pessoas que doam sem nenhuma relação com o receptor. Destacamos o acesso dos doadores ao SH devido às Áreas Programáticas (AP) em que residem 46,1 por cento dos doadores serem distintas da AP do SH e 23,1 por cento residirem em outros municípios. No itinerário percorrido, existem as etapas antecedentes e as posteriores à triagem clínica, sendo esta destacada pela possibilidade da expressão da tecnologia leve no cuidado de enfermagem. Os significados atribuídos à doação e à motivação são individuais para cada doador. O conhecimento do itinerário possibilita a reflexão sobre o gerenciamento do espaço micropolítico em que usuários e enfermeiras se encontram, tanto apresentando o caminho que o doador percorre no sistema de saúde, como a possível definição de um modelo assistencial à luz das necessidades de saúde dos doadores para o cuidado de enfermagem em hemoterapia.


Qualitative study conducted in the light of ethnomethodology, with the processing of data from the discourse analysis of 26 interviews and unstructured records of participant observation in the field diary. It aimed to examine the route of blood donor candidates at a hematology service (HS) in Rio de Janeiro. The itinerary of blood donors starts with their awareness to the course for the donation, including health and the several contexts of the lives of candidates, and takes shape in the micro-political work. Replacement donors (65.4 percent) prevailed, characterized by groups of relatives, friends, coworkers, neighbors, and in smaller numbers, by people who do not even know the receiver. Among these donors, 46.1 percent live in areas other than where the HS is located, and 23.1 percent live in other cities. Along the itinerary, there are previous and posterior steps leading to the screening clinic, which is highlighted by the possibility of the expression of light technology in nursing care. The meanings attributed to the donation and motivation are individual for each donor. The knowledge of the route allows the reflection on the management of the micro-political space in which users and nurses meet, both showing the path that the donor takes in the health system, and a possible definition of a health care model in the light of the health needs of donors for nursing care in hemotherapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Blood Donors/ethics , Blood Donors/psychology , Hemotherapy Service , Donor Selection/ethics , Donor Selection/methods , Donor Selection , Unified Health System/ethics , Unified Health System/standards , Unified Health System/organization & administration , Models, Nursing , Health Policy , Nurse-Patient Relations/ethics
11.
Psicol. reflex. crit ; 24(3): 495-503, 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-602717

ABSTRACT

Nesta pesquisa investigou-se o nível de informação, percepção, motivos e sentimentos de escolares sobre a doação de sangue. 145 escolares do pré, 2ª, 4ª séries com seis, oito e 10 anos de idade foram submetidos a provas piagetianas, responderam uma entrevista, se posicionaram frente a um dilema. Verificou-se pouca informação e informações errôneas sobre a doação. A escola foi a fonte de informação menos citada. A maioria dos entrevistados tanto na entrevista, como no dilema, justificou a doação de sangue como um ato solidário, permitindo supor que valores como generosidade podem ser adquiridos na fase pré-operatória. Discute-se o papel da escola nos programas de Educação em Saúde voltados a comportamentos que serão emitidos a longo prazo e que beneficiam a coletividade.


This study investigated children's values and perceptions of blood donation. A hundred forty-five students (preschool, second- and fourth-graders) aged 6, 8 and 10 years old answered Piagetian tests. They were also interviewed on blood donation and faced a moral dilemma. Lack of information and misinformation were observed. The school was the least frequently cited information source. Findings showed that the participants justified blood donation as an act of solidarity. It indicates that children have a conception of values since the preoperational stage of cognitive development. It is also presented a discussion on the role of schools in Health Care Education, particularly targeting specific behaviors which will be expressed in the long term such as blood donation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Blood Donors/psychology , Students/psychology , Health Education , Social Values , Cross-Sectional Studies , Education, Primary and Secondary
12.
Indian J Med Ethics ; 2010 Jul-Sept; 7(3): 175-176
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-144745

ABSTRACT

The shortage of voluntary blood donors is a problem in many countries including India. Myths regarding the ill effects of blood donation are common and many precious lives are lost for lack of replacement donations. Urgent measures are warranted to eliminate myths in the community regarding blood donation in order to encourage voluntary donation.


Subject(s)
Blood Donors/psychology , Blood Donors/supply & distribution , Family , Female , Blood Donors/psychology , Blood Donors/supply & distribution , Family , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Services Needs and Demand , Humans , India , Male , Refusal to Participate , Social Marketing
13.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 63(2): 322-327, mar.-abr. 2010. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-547893

ABSTRACT

Reflete-se sobre doação de sangue em um hemocentro de Santa Catarina, abordando-a como solidariedade mecânica e orgânica. Discute-se a forma de viver na contemporaneidade com a Globalização e o culto à velocidade em um contexto impregnado por incertezas e adversidades. Vive-se num mundo acelerado, dificultando a convivência em sociedade, contribuindo para a fragilização de valores e atitudes que melhorem a qualidade de vida. Mesmo com as dificuldades vivenciadas no cotidiano da sociedade contemporânea, percebe-se na história da hemoterapia brasileira, ao se falar em doação de sangue, que atitudes e valores como a solidariedade vêm se transformando de forma sensível tendo-se a atualidade como pano de fundo Busca-se compreender a doação de sangue como solidariedade mecânica e orgânica.


The article offers a reflection of blood donation in an hemocenter of Santa Catarina, with a mechanic and organic solidarity approach. It discuss the way of life in contemporary globalization and the cult of speed in a context pervaded by uncertainties and adversities. People live in a fast world, making social interaction difficult, contributing to the weakening of values and attitudes that could improve the quality of life. Considering the difficuties of everiday contemporary society, concerning Brazilian hemotherapy history on blood donation, there is a perception that attitudes and values, such as solidarity, have been modifying in subtle ways with a background of current events. It searches for understanding of blood donation as mechanic and organic solidarity.


Reflexión sobre la donación de sangre en un homocentro de Santa Catarina, abordandola como solidaridad mecánica y orgánica. Se reflexiona sobre el modo de vida contemporáneo en la globalización y el culto a la velocidad en un contexto impregnado por la incertidumbre y la adversidad. Vivimos en un mundo acelerado, lo que dificulta la convivencia en sociedad, contribuyendo al debilitamiento de valores y actitudes que mejoren la calidad de vida. A pesar de las dificultades que la sociedad contemporánea experimenta en la vida cotidiana, se percibe en la historia de la hemoterapia brasileña, cuando se habla de donación de sangre, que actitudes y valores tales como la solidaridad se están transformando cada vez más de manera significativa en el contexto en que vivimos. En este estudio se trata de entender la donación de sangre como solidaridad mecánica y orgánica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Donors , Blood Donors/psychology , Motivation , Sociology
14.
São Paulo med. j ; 128(5): 272-275, 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-569486

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The adequacy of blood depends on blood donation rates and numbers of blood donors. To prepare adequate blood supplies, it is essential to investigate the barriers and factors that stop individuals from donating. This study aimed to identify the causes of lapsed donation at our center. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study of volunteer blood donors in Shiraz, Iran. METHODS: We selected 850 donors who had donated between January 1, 2005 and June 1, 2005, but had not donated again by June 2008. The participants were recruited by letter and telephone, and were interviewed using a specially designed questionnaire that contained items on demographic characteristics, donor motivations and reasons for not returning to donate. We used the chi-square test to identify associations between lapsed donor characteristics and reasons for declining to donate. RESULTS: The greatest motivation for donation was altruism. The most frequent reasons for lapsed donation were lack of time because of work and self-exclusion for medical reasons. Among first-time donors, the most frequent reasons were unsuitability for donation and lack of time. CONCLUSIONS: The reasons for not returning to donate are varied and may correlate with demographic characteristics. In this study, the main reason for not returning was lack of time. Changing donation hours so that donors can donate after work, providing mobile teams at workplaces, and shortening the duration of the donation process may help increase repeat donation rates.


CONTEXTO Y OBJETIVO: La idoneidad de la sangre y los productos sanguíneos depende de las tasas de donación y el número de donantes. Para preparar un suministro suficiente es esencial conocer las barreras y los factores que llevan a los individuos a dejar de donar. Hemos diseñado un estudio tipo encuesta para identificar las causes de la dejación de donar en nuestro centro. DISEÑO Y EMPLAZAMIENTO: Estudio transversal de los donantes de sangre voluntarios en Shiraz (Irán). MÉTODOS: Hemos seleccionado 850 donantes históricos que donaron entre el 1 de enero del 2005 y el 1 de junio del 2005, pero que no habían vuelto a donar para junio del 2008. Los participantes fueron reclutados por escrito (carta) y por teléfono, y fueron entrevistados con un cuestionario diseñado específicamente para este estudio y que contenía ítems sobre las características demográficas, las motivaciones del donante y las razones por las que no había vuelto a donar. Usamos la prueba de la ji-cuadrado para identificar las asociaciones entre la dejación de donar y las razones por dejar de donar. RESULTADOS: La motivación más frecuente para donar fue el altruismo. Las razónes más frecuentes para dejar de donar fue la falta de tiempo por motivos laborales, y la auto-exclusión por razones médicas. En los donantes primerizos, las razones más frecuentes fueron la no-idoneidad para donar y la falta de tiempo por motivos laborales. CONCLUSIONS: Las razones que llevan a la dejación de donar son diversas y pueden estar relacionadas con las características demográficas. In este estudio la razón principal fue la falta de tiempo por motivos laborales. Un cambio del horario de donación para permitir que los donantes puedan acudir después de la jornada laboral, los equipos móviles en los lugares de trabajo, y la reducción de la duración del proceso de donación pueden ayudar a aumentar la tasa de donación repetida.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Blood Donors/psychology , Blood Donors/supply & distribution , Motivation , Chi-Square Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Iran
15.
Rev. cienc. salud ; 12(1): 19-29, dic. 2008. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-567042

ABSTRACT

Through a methodology for describing and analyzing a process of social representations around the core theme disciplinary Blood Donation, assesses factors that shape social representations in the teaching-learning process of Medical Technology mention Clinical Laboratory, Hematology and Blood Bank the University of Antofagasta, in terms of their implications in the learning that is expected to develop. It is very important and necessary to provide knowledge and understanding about how students perceive cognitively concepts in the discipline of a professional nature of his career, because as far as we know how to build and manage information, it may devise strategies for how to combine and learn new concepts related to blood donation. We conclude that the meanings of the obtained data - structured and organized-identify as a allow elements of the social representation Donate Blood to the following words: life, pain, accidents, help, person, and love Finally validates the experience of knowing and methodological describe a social representation, from the social worlds with which our students enter our classrooms.


Mediante una metodología de descripción y análisis procesual de las representaciones sociales en tomo al núcleo temático disciplinario Donación de sangre, se evalúan elementos que estructuran las representaciones sociales en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de Tecnología Médica mención Laboratorio Clínico, Hematología y Banco de Sangre de la Universidad de Antofagasta, valorando su implicancia en el aprendizaje que se espera desarrollar. Es muy importante y necesario aportar conocimiento y comprensión acerca de la manera como los estudiantes perciben cognitivamente los conceptos en esta disciplina de carácter profesional de su Carrera, porque en la medida en que conozcamos cómo construyen y manejan la información, se podrán diseñar estrategias que favorezcan la manera de presentar, combinar y aprender nuevos conceptos relacionados con la donación de sangre. Se concluye que las significaciones de los datos obtenidos - estructurados y organizados permiten identificar como elementos constitutivos de la representación social Donar sangre a las siguientes palabras: vida, dolor, accidentes, ayuda, persona, y amor. Finalmente se valida la experiencia metodológica de conocer y describir una representación social, proveniente de los mundos sociales con los cuales nuestros estudiantes universitarios ingresan a nuestras aulas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Donors/psychology , Students, Health Occupations/psychology , Medical Laboratory Science , Concept Formation , Data Collection , Sociology
16.
Cad. saúde pública ; 24(6): 1407-1418, jun. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-484197

ABSTRACT

Esta investigação teve por objetivos: verificar capitulação para a variável dependente "intenção comportamental de tornar-se doador(a) regular de sangue", averiguar influência destas comunicações na variância da variável dependente, examinar a contribuição isolada da variável independente externa, à Teoria da Ação Racional e testar o ajuste da Teoria da Ação Racional ampliada para o comportamento e amostra estudados. Utilizou-se delineamento só pós-teste e procedimento duplo-cego, designando-se aleatoriamente 405 estudantes universitários, para os grupos experimental 1, experimental 2, controle-placebo e somente-controle. Resultados demonstraram: inexistir capitulação para os grupos experimentais; consideráveis percentuais de variância da variável dependente explicados pelas independentes dos grupos experimentais e controle-placebo; correlações satisfatórias e significativas para variáveis da teoria ampliada. A ausência de capitulação para a variável critério deveu-se, provavelmente, ao intervalo do tempo. Coube à estratégia persuasiva positiva maior variância da variável dependente. A obrigação moral demonstrou maior influência na intenção dos participantes em desempenhar o comportamento. Correlações corroboraram validades teórica e metodológica da teoria ampliada.


This study aimed to: investigate yielding to the dependent variable "behavioral intent to become a regular blood donor", verify the impact of such communications on variance in the dependent variable, examine the single contribution of the external independent variable to the Rational Action Theory, and test the fit of the expanded Rational Choice Theory to the target behavior and sample. Only a post-test design and double-blinded procedure were used, randomly picking 405 university students for experimental groups 1 and 2, placebo control, and control only. The results showed: lack of yielding by the experimental groups; considerable percentage variance in the dependent variable explained by the independent variable in the experimental and placebo control groups; and satisfactory and significant correlations for variables in the expanded theory. Absence of yielding for the criterion variable was probably due to the time interval. The positive persuasive strategy accounted for the greatest variance in the dependent variable. Moral obligation showed the greatest impact on participants' intent to perform the behavior. The correlations corroborated the theoretical and methodological validity of the expanded theory.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Blood Donors/psychology , Data Collection , Decision Making , Intention , Persuasive Communication , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , Donor Selection , Double-Blind Method , Data Collection/methods , Data Collection/standards , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Young Adult
17.
Indian J Med Ethics ; 2008 Apr-Jun; 5(2): 58-60
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-53287

ABSTRACT

The National Blood Policy of India, 2002, advocates the disclosure of results of transfusion transmitted infections (TTI) to blood donors. However, in the absence of well-defined notification processes, and in order to avoid serious consequences resulting from unguided disclosure, blood bank personnel discard blood that is TTI-positive. We report on a survey of 105 voluntary blood donors in Kerala. Only two out of three participants had filled the donor form in the last year. Only half were aware that the blood bank was supposed to inform them if they tested positive for TTI. Fifty-seven per cent of donors wanted to be informed every time they donated blood, irrespective of a positive or negative result.


Subject(s)
Adult , Attitude to Health , Blood Banks/organization & administration , Blood Donors/psychology , Blood Transfusion/adverse effects , Confidentiality , Cross Infection/etiology , Disclosure , Disease Notification/methods , Female , Health Policy , Humans , India , Male , National Health Programs/organization & administration , Surveys and Questionnaires
18.
Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2008; 24 (4): 517-519
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-89568

ABSTRACT

To determine the percentage of false positive testing for transfusion transmitted infections [TTIs] using immunochromatographic test [ICT] as first line of screening tests and its effect on loss of volunteer blood donors. Over a period of three months, samples from blood bags of donors undergoing phlebotomy at teaching hospital blood banks in Lahore were screened for human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], hepatitis B [HBV] and hepatitis C [HCV] by immunochromatographic tests. Those found positive on initial screening were re-tested by ELISA method at the screening laboratory of the Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Service, Punjab. Lahore. Out of a total of 62090 voluntary blood donors, 469 donors were found to be initially reactive for either HIV, HBV or HCV. Amongst these 96 [0.15%] blood donors were found to have tested falsely positive for HIV, HBV or HCV as compared to testing by ELISA. False positive testing rate of 0.15% or 96 out of a total of 62090 donors is rather small in terms of loss of voluntary donors and appropriate utilization of available resources. Although immunochromatographic testing is not the gold standard, however it serves an important purpose of initial donor screening


Subject(s)
Humans , Multiphasic Screening/methods , Multiphasic Screening/standards , Multiphasic Screening/statistics & numerical data , Blood Donors/psychology , False Positive Reactions , Phlebotomy/statistics & numerical data , HIV , Blood Transfusion/adverse effects , Hepatitis B/diagnosis , Hepatitis C/diagnosis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/statistics & numerical data
19.
Indian J Pathol Microbiol ; 2007 Oct; 50(4): 896-900
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-73324

ABSTRACT

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is one of the serious public health problems in India. AIDS education has been considered as one of the main intervention for control. Sexual route is the major route of transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV); however, approximately 2.5% is transmitted through blood and blood products. The present study was carried out to know the level of awareness about HIV infection and blood donation among first time (190) and repeat (310) voluntary donors of all age groups. One pre-structured questionnaire was circulated among altruistic blood donors. About 96.6% donors want to become repeat donors. Majority of the donors had good knowledge about routes of HIV transmission. According to 97.4% donors, it is transmitted by sexual route, according to 87.4% of donors by sharing needle, according to 85% of donors by blood transfusion and 82.4% of donors believe through vertical transmission. However, 32.4% of the donors, still believe that HIV infection could be transmitted through blood donation. Intense motivational program among donors is needed to remove this myth. Regular donors were convinced the importance of regular and repeat blood donation. They came forward to donate blood for the cause of humanity (80.6%) and the sense of pride (27.79%). First time donors were less motivated by the cause of humanity (56.21%) and volunteered because of peer pressure (26.03%) and motivated by relative or friend. Donors were very alert about precaution to be taken for protecting themselves from danger of HIV infection and priority wise use of safe sexual practice (90%), disposable needles (61.43%) and receive tested blood (45.71%) whenever required. When in need of blood for relatives the donors will give priority to the quality (64.65%) and properly tested blood from voluntary blood donors (86.7%).


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Blood Donors/psychology , Female , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , India , Male , Middle Aged , Surveys and Questionnaires
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